The USS Constitution Old Ironsides A Most fortunate ship by Tyrone G. Martin Essay Essay Example

The USS Constitution: Old Ironsides: A Most fortunate ship by Tyrone G. Martin Essay Paper â€Å"A Most Fortunate Ship† . published in 1980. is frequently called the unequivocal history of the history of the USS Constitution. These memoirs of â€Å"Old Ironsides† . compiled by one of her head commanding officers. T. G. Martin. paint a graphic image of life in the US Navy during the 19Thursdaycentury. and of the naval endeavors and feats during the war of 1812. Martin was himself the 49Thursdaycommanding officer of the shipo between 1974 and 1978. Martin describes the history of theUSS Constitution. which was constructed and launched in 1797 at the Edmond Hartt Shipyard in Boston. He inside informations the building of the ship. which received the moniker. â€Å"Old Ironsides† . Cannonballs could non perforate the oak sides. gaining the ship its name. With a supplanting of 2000 dozenss. the ship carried a crew of more than 450. and his history of the ship’s enterprises introduces many of the inside informations of what their day-to-day lives must hold been. We will write a custom essay sample on The USS Constitution: Old Ironsides: A Most fortunate ship by Tyrone G. Martin Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The USS Constitution: Old Ironsides: A Most fortunate ship by Tyrone G. Martin Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The USS Constitution: Old Ironsides: A Most fortunate ship by Tyrone G. Martin Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For illustration. Martin describes the organisation of the crew ( p. ) . how the crew was fed ( p. ) and disciplined ( p. ) . plus other elements of their day-to-day modus operandis. Life was unreliable plenty in the 19Thursdaycentury. thanks to the bounds of medical and scientific cognition. and by and large hapless nutrition of the working categories. Aboard a ship. which could be out at see for several months at a clip. diet. sanitation. and general wellness were all major concerns and required considerable attending. peculiarly for the intents of keeping subject and order aboard a naval vas such as the Constitution. which was an of import arm during the War of 1812. Possibly one of the most absorbing inside informations of Martin’s histories. nevertheless. is grounds of the adversities experienced by the ship itself. which. after all. saw major combat several times. To gain the name. â€Å"Old Ironsides† . the ship surely was subjected to several onslaughts from enemy cannons. Sing the full vas was constructed from wood. it is slightly dumbfounding – possibly at least to the modern reader – that no serious harm was done on impact. During the 19Thursdaycentury. wooden boards called wales were used to make ships. The wales were fastened to other lumbers called frames. Caulking was the technique used to make full spreads between the chaffs that created the possibility of allowing H2O into the ship. Martin discusses the history of the USS Constitution by depicting its building along these lines. In fact. he explains that it was necessary for the sides and the deck of the Constitution to be caulked before the ship went to sea. Ships in the 19Thursdaycentury were neer wholly rainproof and the procedure of calking had to be repeated on a regular basis to forestall new leaks. Caulk of the Constitution was started on July 7Thursday. his neer produces a wholly rainproof ship. but it does do the entry of H2O manageable. BeforeFundamental lawcould travel to sea it was necessary to calk non merely her sides but her decks as good. These and other inside informations Martin provides approximately early American naval history are both entertaining and enlightening. His cognition of the ship and his enthusiasm for his work on board vibrate throughout his narrative voice. For illustration. we learn that the Constitution was one of the first frigates of all time built by the US Navy. Six such ships were built originally in the Edmond Hartt shipyard and they were designed to transport an amazing 44 guns. In his narrative. Martin describes the ship’s assorted runs on behalf of the US Navy. The first of these was the undeclared war with France. The Fundamental law was involved in this struggle between 1798 and 1800. She was so the flagship for a Mediterranean squadron during the Tripolitan War. from 1801 to 05. Most celebrated of all. the Fundamental law was so involved in the War of 1812. During this struggle. the ship became peculiarly celebrated as it was a cardinal factor in the triumphs at several conflicts. The Constitution won. for illustration. elaborated conflicts with two British frigates. the Guerriere and the Java. The Constitution fought the Guerriere at a topographic point about 750 stat mis east of Boston on August 19Thursday. 1812. She fought against the Java someplace off the seashore of Brazil on December 29Thursday. 1812. The Constitution made its last combat circuit in 1814-15. The vas had spent long periods of clip in port even while it was in service for the naval forces. Often. there were fixs that had to be done but sometimes there were encirclements that affected the ship’s ability to acquire to see. Regardless. the Fundamental law captured eight more ships under the bid of one of her most celebrated captains. Charles Stwart. When she returned to port after the terminal of the war of 1812. it was back to the fix pace for about six old ages. After functioning with the Mediterranean squadron several old ages subsequently. the Fundamental law returned to port in Boston in 1828. After the Meditterranean run and a return to Boston. Martin introduces us to what must be the most compelling ground for naming the ship. â€Å"most fortunate† . Having survived many arduous confrontations and tete-a-tete conflicts at see. the Fundamental law was found to be unfit for service in 1830 and seruptitiously recommended for the bit pile. What prevented this from go oning: public call. The Constitution was recongized. even every bit early as the 1830s. as one of the greatest war vessels in US Navel history. It was besides in 1830 that Oliver Wendell Holmes published a verse form in congratulations of the ship. â€Å"Old Ironsides† . everlastingly set uping the angelic vas in the American consciousness. The United States Congress agreed to the necessary Reconstructions of the vas and passed the appropriate statute law. Before long. the ship was back in committee and off to tur the universe once more. Martin describes the ship’s 2nd tally as a flagship in the Mediterraean during 1835. subsequent to functioning the same map in the South Pacific. passed an appropriation for Reconstruction and in 1835. Triumphant. Martin goes on to depict the ship’s following great escapade: a 30-month ocean trip around the universe beginning in March 1844. Martin’s geographic expedition of the ship’s history during the American Civil War and during the 1850s. policing the African seashore for slaves. provides a deep-probing expression at the political and societal worlds of the period. The Constitution played an improtant function in both operation of the slave trade and the American Civil War. During the war. the Fundamental law was used as a preparation shipo for midshipmen. and since encirclements would turn out rather important to the succes of the North. the function of the Constitution should be given acknowledgment. Equally early as 1838. nevertheless. wooden ships were on the threshold of going disused as navy vass. At that clip. steam ships had begun to do regular transatlantic crossings. Martin besides describes how at lesat one of the cardinal naval conflicts of the civil war. the Battle of Hampton Roads. showed the fatal failings of wooden-hulled war vessels agains ships constructed from or dress in Fe. After several more decennaries of service – neer on the front lines but ever in a important function behind them – the ship was saved one time more from the bit pile by public demand for its saving. It survived the 20Thursdaycentury as a memorial standing as testament to the naval might of the United States. and eventually. under the bid of Martin himself. the ship became a genuinely famed attractive force in Boston’s seaport. Overall. Tyrone Martin writes a greatest history of this august war vessel. USS Constitution. There can be no uncertainty that he provides a reasonably complete history of the vessel’s service and the linguistic communication manner. although functioning as an historical history. is easy colloquial and filled with anecdotes that make the inside informations – and there are many – accessible to all readers. The narrative screens virtually every facet of the ship. fro its design and building. through to its more recent enterprises. even some that took topographic point after Martin’s committee as commanding officer had expired. Possibly the most gratifying elements of the book are those most human elements. Indeed. Martin goes to great lengths to show insightful portrayals of some of the major personalities whose lives crossed with the USS Constitution throughout her long history. Among the most celebrated figures: Talbot. Hull. Bainbridge. Elliot. Noteworthy excessively is the manner in which Martin truly captures a sense in his righting of the delicate nature of big sailing vass contrasted to their huge lastingness. The Constitution. after all. suffered considerable damaged and needed really extended fixs throughout its calling. That said. the ship survived legion storms. foundations. enemy fire. and even a hurricane. Although the ship’s log is the principle beginning of information for the first subdivision of the book. the ship’s really earliest history. Martin rapidly moves on to set up is ain voice as storyteller and therefore engages his audience with accomplishment. His intimate cognition of the ship and its history is overall presented in an entertaining and piquant signifier. on that transcends the authoritative historical history by doing the pertinent history accessible to merely about anyone. This book is good deserving reading. regardless of whether you are a sailing partisan or a general reader. Mentions. Martin. T. G. ( 1997 ) . A Most Fortunate Ship. A Narrative History of â€Å"Old Ironsides† . Capital of maryland: Naval Institute Press.

The role of occupational therapists in mental health care.

The role of occupational therapists in mental health care. "The role of occupational therapists in mental health care"One of the main reasons why it has become necessary to look in more detail at the role of occupational therapists in mental health care is the changing role of health care professionals in general which has taken place in the past decades and which has led to a re-structuring of the health care industry as a whole. As Thorner (1991) and Lloyd et al (1998) have pointed out, there have been significant changes in the way that health care is structured, in terms of the welfare versus the consumer model, and as a result there is an increasing emphasis on community-based care initiatives and the autonomy of the health care recipient. Consequently, professionals in various fields of mental health care are re-evaluating their roles, both in terms of their own professional competence in relation to others in the same field and with reference to their interaction with their patients.House Republican Press Conference on Health Care R.. .Greaves et al (2002) make the point that the move towards community initiatives has tended to erode the earlier bureaucratic model of institutionalized health care, which in turn has meant that community based workers have a higher profile in the field as a whole, and are having to develop a greater degree of autonomy. The competence of mental health workers, and the way in which they perceive themselves, has therefore come under greater scrutiny. Greaves's study suggests that occupational therapists are for the most part coping well with the changes in approaches to service delivery, and have a higher efficacy rating than other, comparable groups in the health care industry. She also notes that occupational therapists show a high level of adaptability, in the sense that they are capable of learning new skills in the course of their practice, and from...

Race and The Death Penalty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Race and The Death Penalty - Research Paper Example Now, in United States of America death penalty of color is a predominant phenomenon. In this country, the blacks in the death row are very high in number. the In the recent years the Supreme court of the United States also rejected the application of statistical studies that claim bias of race as the prime reason for the purpose of overturning the death sentence (The death penalty is applied unfairly and should not be used: Disagree). 1.2. Relevant statistics Color of defendant and the skin color of the defendant are crucial factors in the death penalty of the Americans. Since the year 1976, the people with variations in skin color accounts for around 43% of the total executions. Still 55 % of the executions are waiting. The jurisdictions in which there are highest percentages of death penalty are US military which is â€Å"86%, Colorado which is 80%, US government which is 77%, Louisiana which is 72% and in Pennsylvania which is 70%† (Race and the Death Penalty). It has been found that white victims have accounted for around one half of all the victims of murder where around 80% of all the capital cases included people of white skin. In October, 2002 â€Å"around 12 people have been executed where the defendant was white and the victim of murder was black† (Race and the Death Penalty, 2003). Around 178 defendants convicted for murder were black along with white victims. In the month of January 2003, researchers in the university of Maryland governor revealed that the defendants who killed white persons were prone to death sentences. In August 2001, the supreme court of New Jersey released that they were more likely for proceeding against the defendants killing the white victims. In the month of April 2001, a group of researchers from the University of North Carolina published a study of all the homicide cases in North Carolina in the time frame of 1993 to 1997 (Race and the Death Penalty). From the figures of US department of Justice the figures reveal that from the period of 2001 to 2006 around 48 percent of defendants in the cases where death penalty were sought were of the African American origin (Does a person's race affect the likelihood of him/her receiving the death penalty?). 2. Reasons for disproportionate death penalty 2.1 Domination of white in the criminal justice system The criminal justice system of America and its internal mechanics is vehemently controlled as well as dominated by the white people. The death penalty can be symbolized as a control of the white over the blacks. The black males who flaunt a threatening and defiant persona are viewed as subjects of death sentences provided by the middle aged white male prosecutors (Does a person's race affect the likelihood of him/her receiving the death penalty?). But we will highlight our focus to a different trajectory which will yield a bit surprising results. 2.2 Blacks commit more crime American civil rights activists and Baptist minister Sir Jesse Jackson states that in Alabama (a state of United States of America), the African Americans form 25% of the total population of America and of Alabama’s 117 death row inmates, around 43% of them are of black origin. Although it highlights that the African American are more prone towards death row but one of the reasons is also that the

The United Nations And Human Right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The United Nations And Human Right - Essay Example Upholding those rights are considered as having peace, justice, and freedom in the world. The laws and fundamental principles for upholding these rights are in place and so does the overall mechanism and infrastructure to actually enforce these rights. Over the period of time, UN has been able to reduce the number of human rights violations across the whole world and that it has been able to put in place different resources which helped it to achieve this objective. However, UN also failed to properly enforce human rights across the whole world as millions of people are still being put through brutalities and gross human rights violations. Not only governments are committing crimes against the basic human rights but smaller and individual groups are also involved too in such incidents. This paper will debate whether United Nations has been able to ensure human rights for all or not by presenting arguments in favor and against the same. Human Rights and United Nations As discussed abo ve, human rights are universal in nature and are available to everyone equally. These are the rights which we enjoy as humans and violations of the same can attract penalties and other punishments for those who violate the human rights. The overall movement for the protection of human rights started to become significant after the World War-II. The overall mandate given to UN is given by the countries who acquire the membership of the UN. Membership of UN is considered as the admission of any individual country towards the international community. UN, therefore, has been implementing and enforcing human rights either through charter based or treaty-based implementations. Both these mechanisms not only provide UN a proper mechanism but structure also to implement and influence countries to implement human rights. The overall atrocities and violations of human rights become common after World War II and as a result of this, United Nations General Assembly met in Paris with the objecti ve of adapting Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 1948, a universal declaration of human rights was adopted by General Assembly of United Nations and as such overshadowed all other human rights declaration which was prevailing in ancient times. Article 1 of the universal declaration suggests that all human beings are born equal and with the same level of dignity. The United Nation Article 1 on human rights states that all human beings are equal and born free in dignity and rights (Smith, 2009, p. 54). The laws were made to ensure that every person has a right to life and this right should be legally protected.

Historical Documentary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Historical Documentary - Essay Example But one form of documentary was on an upwards curve even into the new millennium - the history documentary" Documentary films are non-fiction films which portray the events which have already happened and which are happening at the moment. This developed in time to be the historical documentaries which have entered a golden age in the literal sense of the word. This boom is attributed to many factors like the political changes, the crucial event in a country, the anxious arrival of the millennium, the unpredicted development of technology, and the accessibility of information. It is also due to freedom of information, favourable political and economical factors, the establishments of film archives, the regular transformation of the filmgoers and producers, prevailing nostalgia of what we left behind and the demand for more real historical events. Over and above these causes, the other noteworthy change was the co productions of history documentaries and political and economical conditions which added to the flourishing of these types of documentaries. "The documentary--whether it is a written account, a photograph, or a film--has long served as one of the primary sources for historians writing about the past as well as one of the key forms, historians use to communicate their stories about the past." (Professor Jill Watts -History 300B, spring 2007) Documentary film was actually born of the written and photographic tradition Initially, documentary films were just current events which had certain significance for the people living at that particular period of time. This created a genre of films which have a say not for the universal time but for only a period. This type of documentary would have had its heyday only when certain pulverizing events such as wars and political controversies took place. When the heat of the debate wears off, there is no more interest on the specific documentary anymore. History Documentary films have reflected attitudes and internal changes in British society for a century. British documentary as a notable movie genre surfaced around 1906. From then on documentary films began establishing a theme. The theme usually focused on the way of life of British working class and rarely touched on other types as well. An apt example of this is 'The Drifters' by Grierson The growth of Documentaries It is essential to note that the government and national agencies funded the production and distribution of such documentaries in the 1920s and 1930s. Popular agencies which got involved in this type of film making are the Ministries of Transport, Trade, Information, the General Post Office and Empire Marketing Board. The British documentary directors were all socialists and their documentaries such as Workers for Jobs by Arthur Elton in 1934, and then by Edgar Anstey in 1935 to devastating effect in Housing Problems for the Gas Light and Coal Company were technically advanced, using the latest film equipment in novel and exciting ways. They used synchronized sound-recording on location. Another important factor to note is that the 16mm film became standardized by Eastman and Bell & Howell in 1923 and the films were exhibited at cinemas as a

Penfolds Wine Porters Five and SWOT Analysis

Penfolds Wine Porters Five and SWOT Analysis Penfolds is one of the oldest Australian wine brands, founded in the mid-19th century by the English immigrant and medical doctor Rawson Penfold. Starting with wine growing for medical purposes and the production of fortified wines and brandies, the business has developed very quickly and by 1920, the company already had a 50 per cent market share in Australia. After World War II the company has changed its direction and started producing red table wines with the commencement of white production in 1990. In the same year, the company has been acquired by Southcorp, which made the company the biggest Australian owned wine producer as well as the fifth largest producer in the world. In 2005, Fosters acquired Southcorp. (Calkins, 2005). The analysis of the case study should address the issues that Penfolds is faces and provide recommendations for a marketing strategy to overcome these issues. 1.2 Economic background South Australia has the fifth largest population as well as the fifth largest economy in Australia. As for the wine segment of the economy, the wine cluster, South Australia is the largest producer and exporter of wines in Australia (Nipe et al., 2010). From the 1990s, the wine sector has been growing steadily due to the strong exports. Nevertheless, the rising number of competitors in the low-cost wine segment and the worldwide recession in the recent years challenges the industry. Simultaneously, dominant supermarket giants have gained enormous market power reducing the power of the industry. Furthermore, the changing preferences of consumers and a huge oversupply of wine grapes is a major problem for the wine industry. The oversupply in wine grapes has reduced prices, lowered the profit margins and even got many wine producers to leave the market (Dobie, 2012). The exports have dropped for e.g. in 2010-2011 to 747 million liters compared to 788 million liters in the year 2009 2010 (Figure 1). On the other hand, the demand for wine in the domestic Australian market has been growing steadily since over 20 years and domestic producers mainly supply the market. The imports of wine have risen by 4.2 %, to 67 million liters in 2010-2011 (Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2012). However, to be prepared for the future, the Australian wine sector has to undergo some changes, to stay competitive on the domestic market and to start growth on the export market again. Therefore, the sector has to deal more effectively with the oversupply of grapes and the quality of low cost wines in the key export markets, which has affected the reputation of Australian wines in a negative way (Dobie, 2012). 2. Analysis of the Case study 2.1 Porter five forces analysis The Porter five forces analysis was introduced by Michael E. Porter, which helps to identify and to analyse the competitiveness, profitability and the attractiveness of an Industry (Investopedia, 2012). Therefore, this model should be used for the Penfolds case study to assess the wine industry in Australia and to able to place give adequate recommendations on Penfolds future marketing strategy. Threat of Entry: The threat of entry for new wine producers in Australia is quite high, especially from large global liquor companies (Pugh Fletcher, 2002). Nevertheless, there are some barriers for new entrants in place, as for example the price of land and the high capital investments that are needed for the equipment. Another barrier is the time component, as newly planted wines need several years to grow mature and to be able to be brought to the market on a profit-making basis. This barrier makes the return on investment quite slow and it is only possible by big companies, who can afford waiting on their return (Adamo, 1997). Government regulations on alcohol, like licencing and taxes, existing distribution channels and already existing brands with high loyalty users, are also barriers for new entrants to the wine market in Australia. However, the high profit margins, low entrance costs due to a large number of substitutes will still attract some new producers, although only on a small scale (B lees at al., 2003) Industry Rivalry: The Australian wine industry is subject to high competition with a high number of competitors, which implies that also the price competition is very high. In Australia, there is also a high consolidation of the large brands, which are mainly bought by large global liquor companies, which helps these producers to use their power to undermine the small manufacturers (Pugh Fletcher, 2002) Threat of Substitutes: The threat of substitutes in the wine industry is very high as there is a high amount of other alcoholic beverages on the market. Nevertheless, wine is still the fastest growing segment in the alcohol market. Compared to the rest of the world, Australia has an advantage in the ability to produce innovative high quality wines and to attract new consumers on the export market, as wine can be consumed regardless its aging (Wood and Anderson, 2002). The biggest problem in the area of substitutes is the absence of brand loyalty in the wine industry as most of the beer producers can count on. Therefore, the high amount of other alcoholic products which are more often cheaper in price and an assumed rise of health concerns by the consumers create a high threat of substitutes for the wine industry. Bargaining power of buyers: The wine industrys buyers are categorized into two groups: the distributors and the retailers. Supermarkets, restaurants and clubs most likely represent the buyers of wine. Although this buyer group is able to change their offered brands quite easily, the change is offset by the acquisition of a large product palette from the seller of the company as it ensures lower prices and because the buyers have to be prepared on the various consumer preferences (Adamo, 1997). Nevertheless, the bargaining power of the buyers is relatively high, because the whole market is well crowded, and the securitization of the distribution is even more problematic for the producers when major liquor chains and large supermarkets dominate the major distribution channels in overseas markets (Pugh Fletcher, 2002). Bargaining power of suppliers: The suppliers in the wine industry are the wine growers with their vineyards. Their bargaining power is very low as the global market has been flooded with grapes from different regions of the world and mostly with cheaper grapes than they can be produced in Australia (Davis, 2005). Consequently, there is a very high competition on the grapes market and the oversupply of grapes has given the Australian wineries the opportunity to produce cheaper wine with high quality. (Wood and Anderson, 2002) Because of the absence of differentiation on the raw materials, wine producers have decreased the bargaining power of suppliers significantly. 2.2 SWOT analysis The following SWOT analysis reveals the strengths and weaknesses and well as the external factors for opportunities and threats for Penfolds, which has a major problem as stated in the Case study in the shrinking of the profit and the poor financial return over the last years. Strengths: Penfolds strength is its long lasted reputation for the high standard quality red wine, with a high range of vintage red wines that are very popular among its consumers and which gives the company an overall good reputation for its wine making (Veseth. 2007). The ultra-premium wines are a result of a long lasting tradition of allowing their winemakers to experiment and to research new vines and new wine styles. Moreover, the success in the premium segment is the outcome of a unique style of multi-regional vineyard blending, which means that the development of Penfolds wines is the blending of different wines from different vineyards across South Australia (Caillard, 2007). The company invented a so-called star-system to classify the vineyards and the grape quality of the vineyards, which helps to identify the best blend for a certain category of wine. This system also ensured to solve the principal agent problem, by handing out bonuses to wine growers in line with the quality of thei r grapes (star system) (Wood Andersen. 2002). This unique blending, gives the winemakers more opportunities to broaden the companys portfolio and to differentiate the wines into different categories of wine quality and price. This ensures a high standard of quality and provides the company with an overall market advantage (Caillard, 2007). Weaknesses: The weakness of the Penfolds Company is the affordable and cheap wine section. Especially the cheap wine segment has a poor quality in taste (Calkins, 2005). This triggers the reputation of the whole company into a negative direction and damages the reputation especially in the overseas market, which affects the exports of the company. Moreover, the high competition in the cheap wine segment is reducing the profit margin of the company. The premium red wine section has also weakened in recent years, as it has not the same cachet as it used to have among the premium wine producers (Caillard, 2007) Opportunities: As Penfolds wine portfolio is much focused on the red wines, the opportunities that the company has for the future is to broaden their white wine and sparkling wine portfolio. This would ensure a broader consumer base. This portfolio enlargement would also mean to improve the wine making techniques for the white and sparkling wine. However, not only the white and sparkling wine section needs improvement, but also the winemaking techniques for red wine should be improved to ensure the high quality standard in the premium segment of the wine industry (Wood Andersen, 2002). The biggest opportunity that the company faces at the moment is the market expansion into China. Especially the premium and ultra-premium wine market is well demanded in China and Penfolds already makes the lion share in this market segment (Shaw, 2012). Therefore, the opportunity lies in the expansion of this market and also to build up reputation in one of the biggest economies in the world. The built-up reputatio n could help in the future to export not only the premium wines but also the cheap and affordable wines into China. Threats: The probably biggest threat to Penfolds is the very high competitiveness in the South Australian wine regions, especially in Riverland where low quality wine is produced. Recession makes the ultra-premium wines less affordable and the high Australian dollar makes exports less competitive (Barrett, 2011). Another threat is the current structural oversupply of wine in Australia and therefore low prices, which makes the brand less attractive with its high price level (due to brand name) (Dobie, 2012). The changing consumer preferences can also be a threat to the company especially if it does not react with a broadening of their portfolio, especially in the cheap wine segment. 3. Issues and Problems of Penfolds in the market Derived from the Porters five forces and SWOT analysis it can be said that Penfolds major problems and issues in the Australian and the global market is its segmentation of wine, the world economy and the consumer preferences change. As seen in the SWOT analysis one weakness of the company is the poor quality and the easy substitution of bulk wine, which is due to the fact that the wine demand is relatively elastic. Especially in times of economic instability and a worldwide recession with falling incomes, people tend to switch their preferences towards cheaper products and substitutes for the more expensive premium wines. Penfolds portfolio is now targeted more towards the high-income consumers who can afford a bottle of red wine for $30 or more. The great focus on the US and UK export markets are affected mainly by the worldwide recession and therefore by the change of the consumer preferences in these export markets. In addition, there seems to be a problem with their selection an d grading star system, which leads to bad opinions about the quality of the wine. As mentioned in the SWOT analysis the cachet of some red wine series seem to have lost the cachet of the older wine series. There is no other conclusion to this problem than that the company lacks in their selection process for their wine blends. 4 Alternative Evaluation and Recommendations Concluding the issues and problems of the company, there can be made some recommendations towards a future marketing strategy of the company. First, the company has to broaden their wine portfolio significantly. This recommendation is probably the least problematic as the company already is in the market and just needs to focus in another direction. Another recommendation for Penfolds would be a high promotion of their premium wines in life style magazines or magazines in the business class of airlines. Further, they should focus on a one on one marketing strategy with their current clients. All this would ensure that the company would gain more customers, especially those that are willing to pay more for a bottle of wine. For the premium and ultra-premium wines, the company should try to reduce the supply to the market, so that their product will not become a usual commodity. The prices for the premium wines should also be kept high to ensure the high premium range of the brand. Als o DR should be highly supported from the organization to secure a constant grow of new innovations and technologies. Higher advanced innovations and techniques can help Penfolds in the future to achieve higher margins and better reactions to changing weather conditions without the scarifying the quality of the wine/grapes. In my opinion this strategy of a promotion and DR mix is the most valuable, as it attracts new customers and enhances the wine quality without spending too much of their resources. The problem of Penfolds with the affordable and bulk wine market is that it is not the focus of the company. In order to gain market shares in this segment the company should try to acquire a rival that has a good reputation among the cheap wine segment. In this way, Penfolds would gain more knowledge about this segment and would also have one competitor less. Further, Penfolds would not need to print their brand name (which stands for premium wines) on a bottle of cheap table wine (Halliday, 2012). However, the profit would be Penfolds. By acquiring another rival the company would be also able to be more focused on only one segment of the market and therefore ensure better quality of the high premium wines. This option of a strategy will be the most expensive and probably the least likely, as it needs too much resources in times of a recession and financial problems of the company. Therefore, in my opinion the best strategy to enhance profits and to resolve the issues that Penfolds has is to have a mix of different promotions coupled with a DR enhancement strategy and the exclusion of their bulk wine segment under the brand name of Penfolds.

Light and Darkness in The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Light and Darkness in The Scarlet Letter         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter is one of the most analyzed and most discussed literary works in American literature and for good reason.   Hawthorne's ambiguity and his intense use of symbols have made this work incredibly complex and incredibly bothersome.   In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses many symbols to give insight into characters and promote his views on society.   The scaffold scenes in The Scarlet Letter tell the reader exactly what is to come, and the presence of light in those scenes gives the reader insight into the characters.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The scaffold scenes establish a pattern of what is to come in the novel through a common tie prevalent in the three different scaffold scenes.   The tie is that of creation and release.   In the first scaffold scene, Hester releases not only her guilt about her crime, but, she also releases Pearl to the society and creates in Pearl the need for strength and determination that she will need to overcome the legacy of her creation. In this scene she also creates the need in Dimmesdale to absolve himself of his guilt.   The second scaffold scene is the opportunity for Dimmesdale to attempt to release his guilt from the first scaffold.   However, Pearl creates a need in Dimmesdale to repent in front of the town.   During the third scaffold scene, Dimmesdale is able to release his guilt about his crime and his lack of strength. He is also able to complete his obligation to accept the hands of Pearl and Hester on the platform from the second scaffold scene.   Through his confession, he creates a sense of reality for the entire town.   It can be clearly seen that what is created in the first scaffold is released in the second scaffold; while, the things created in the second scaffold are finally released in the third and final scaffold.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is another complexity to the scaffold scenes in the presence, or lack there of, of lighting.   The first scaffold scene is in the sunlight.   The sunlight in this novel is a symbol of disguise.   In the sunlight of the first scaffold, Hester is shown as strong and determined.   She gives the appearance that the letter does not bother her.

Macbeth-Struggle for Power

It is indeed evident that the play, Macbeth is ultimately about the struggle for power. Power is something many desire where people often change and become evil in their attempts to acquire it and during this play the characters go through many changes which lead to disaster. The two main characters mostly influenced by power in this Shakespearean play are Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Macbeth is swayed by the prophecy made by the witches and also by Lady Macbeth who holds great control over her husband. Through the analysis of characters and techniques it can be seen that the desire of gaining power is evident in the play, Macbeth and that the characters stop at nothing to achieve their goals. Although the protagonist gains power there is still a constant thirst for more, to better their position one step further, even if it comes at the expense of a life. Macbeth becomes fixated on rising to the throne in place of King Duncan however; just recently, he has been given the title of thane of Cawdor by the king. Although happy with the new title and new power, Macbeth still craves for the role held by the king. The importance of honor in society is a primary theme as it is what provokes Macbeth to kill for kingship and sends him on a dismal journey towards the throne. â€Å"If chance will have me king, why chance may crown me without my stir†. (ACT I scene 3, lines 143-145) This demonstrates the ideology that Macbeth is not satisfied with just being a thane but has now heard the prophecy and is seduced by the thought of gaining more power. He hastily makes the decision to Kill Duncan with the influence of Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth's struggle for power starts the moment she appears in the play where she finds the letter and launches into criticizing Macbeth's manhood. â€Å"It is too full of o' th' milk of human kindness†. This metaphoric language mirrors the domineering character of Lady Macbeth where she accuses him of being too gentle to kill King Duncan. She believes this so much that she calls on evil spirits to remove Macbeth’s kind nature. â€Å"Hie thee hither that I may pour my spirits in thine ear and chastise with the valor of my tongue all that impedes thee from the golden round, which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem to have thee crowned withal. (Act 1 Scene 5, lines 23-28) Denoting that she is willing to cast out all that is righteous and dignified about her husband in efforts to gain power. She doesn't hesitate to execute the plan of murdering King Duncan because she believes the prophecy is true and that destiny is on her side. In search of power, the characters change and descend into a compulsive state which leads to disaster. As Macbeth falls deeper into this obsession with the throne he becomes a more dishonest and cunning character. â€Å"Who’s there? A friend†. ACT II scene 1, lines 11-12). This use of irony depicts the deceitful nature of Macbeth as he descends into madness. Banquo is a very loyal general to the King and he will not be tempted by Macbeth into betraying him. Macbeth is certainly no friend to Banquo, his murderous quest to kill Duncan contradicts Banquo’s morals and judgment. â€Å"Upon this bank and shoal of time we’d jump the life to come† (ACT I scene 7, lines 6-7). This metaphor exemplifies the idea that this shallow or narrow ford of human life in this great river of eternity. Shakespeare has creatively used symbolism through metaphoric language to demonstrate how a narrow river being cut off and dried up is Macbeth killing Duncan. He will be overthrowing the natural order of the heir to the throne and setting his place in eternity. Evidently he must kill King Duncan in this short period of time while he is still vulnerable in his castle. The effect of ambition on Macbeth drives him into his contemptible acts in order to assume the throne. He falls into a deep obsession which consumes his rational thought and he becomes very evil and conniving. Is this the dagger which I see before me, the handle towards my hand? † (ACT II scene 1, line 33-34) This foreshadowing illustrates the subconscious thoughts of Macbeth and how they materialize in front of him. He starts to visualize this dagger, predicting the malicious tasks ahead which add the disturbing atmosphere. Macbeth chooses to abuse his power over others and he becomes a hated king. This is caused not only by his cruelty but also the many superstitions by people who think he killed Duncan which greatly depleted his power. Lady Macbeth is quick to become evil in her ways as she is the mastermind behind the killing of Duncan. He that’s coming must be provided for, and you shall put this night’s great business into my dispatch† (ACT I scene 6, lines 64-66). These heartless puns convey Lady Macbeth’s merciless intentions for the night’s gathering. Being provided for often takes on the meaning of being fed but in this case Lady Macbeth is referring to the death of King Duncan. Putting the night’s business into her dispatch appears to be something along the lines of carrying out the welcome of the guests and of course she is indicating that Macbeth must follow her instruction in order to kill King Duncan. Ultimately it is evident that Macbeth is about the struggle for power where once you have gained a certain power you still yearn more, establishing a constant desire. When the characters are in search of power they become obsessive and this causes them to change and become evil. Therefore it can be seen that the importance and desire for power greatly contributes to the outcome of the play and the fate of the characters.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Depresion- True or false Essay Example

Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Depresion Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Depresion- True or false Essay Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Depresion- True or false Essay Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Depression- True or false? True This paper will explore whether Samuel Taylor Coleridge had suffered from depression or not. In order to explore the issue I will first explain what Depression is and its symptoms. Later on I will analyze four of the symptoms with reflection to two of Coleridges poems in order to see if I can find any hints to depression in them. Depression significantly affects a persons family and personal relationships, work or school life, sleeping and eating habits, and general health. Its impact on functioning and well-being has been compared to that of chronic medical conditions such as iabetes. A person having a major depressive episode usually exhibits a very low mood, which pervades all aspects of life, and an inability to experience pleasure in activities that were formerly enjoyed. Depressed people may be preoccupied with, or ruminate over, thoughts and feelings of worthlessness, inappropriate guilt or regret, helplessness, hopelessness, and self-hatred. Other symptoms of depression include poor concentration and memory, withdrawal from social situations and activities, reduced sex drive, and thoughts of death or suicide. Insomnia is common among the depressed. Hypersomnia, or oversleeping, can also happen. A depressed person may report multiple physical symptoms such as fatigue, headaches, or digestive problems; physical complaints are the most common presenting problem in developing countries, according to the World Health Organizations criteria for depression. Appetite often decreases, with resulting weight loss, although increased appetite and weight gain occasionally occur. Family and friends may notice that the persons behavior is either agitated or lethargic. Older depressed people may have cognitive symptoms of recent onset, such as forgetfulness, and a more noticeable slowing of movements. Depression often coexists with physical disorders common among the elderly, such as stroke, other cardiovascular diseases, Parkinsons disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Depressed children may often display an irritable mood rather than a depressed mood, and show varying symptoms depending on age and situation. Most lose interest in school and show a decline in academic performance. They may be described as clingy, demanding, dependent, or insecure. Diagnosis may be delayed or missed when symptoms are interpreted as normal moodiness. Depression may also coexist with attention-deficit hyperactivity isorder (ADHD), complicating the diagnosis and treatment of both. http:// en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/MaJor_depressive_disorder Now I will go over four symptoms of depression and will try to find evidences for them in Coleridge through two of his poems that we have read in class- This Lime -Tree Bower My Prison and Frost at Midnight. get from both poems is melancholy which can indicate low mood. Personal relationships- The poem This Lime -Tree Bower My Prison is all about his friend and his inability to Join them in a walk in nature. In the poem Coleridge relate s to his riends in general and to Charles in specific My gentle- hearted Charles! (1. 28), a line that shows us that Coleridge is capable of personal relationships. Regarding the poem Frost at Midnight, we know that the last stanza in the poem is a blessing to his infant boy so that could indicate that he is also capable of personal relationships with his family members, based on his reference to his child. Insomnia- based on the poems name Frost at Midnight and the line- Only that film, which fluttered on the grate, still flutters there, the sole unquiet thing (l. 15-16) we can understand that Coleridge is the only one awake at a late hour which could indicate that he had troubles sleeping. Thoughts and feelings of worthlessness, inappropriate guilt or regret, helplessness, hopelessness, and self-hatred- in the poem This Lime -Tree Bower My Prison the overall feeling we get is of worthlessness and helplessness by the fact that all his friends are out in nature and he had to stay in. The line that best describes that for me is the opening one- Well, they are gone, and here I most remain, This lime- tree bower my prison! (l. 1-2). As for the poem Frost at Midnight I get a feeling of oneliness from the description of the night and his school days. The lines How oft, at school, with most believing mind, Presageful have I gazed upon the bars, To watch that fluttering stranger! (l. 24-26) conveys, for me, his massage of being a child all alone. After analyzing the four symptoms, I think it is safe to say that Coleridge had suffered from depression in some degree. I think that his depression (or maybe melancholy) is what gave him the ability to see the world the way he did and also to express himself so well and to become the great writer that he is.

Captain Swing essays

Captain Swing essays Captain Swing is an enjoyable collaboration between E. J. Hobsbawm and George Rude that depicts the social history of the English agricultural wage-laborers uprising of 1830. According to Hobsbawm and Rude, historiography of the laborers rising of 1830 is negligible. Most of what is known by the general public comes from J. L. And Barbara Hammonds The Village Laborer published in 1911. They consider this an exceedingly valuable work, but state that the Hammonds oversimplified events in order to dramatize them. They placed too much emphasis on enclosure, oversimplified both the nature and prevalence of the Speenhamland System of poor relief, and neglected the range and scope of the uprising. Hobsbawm and Rude do not claim to present any new data, and believe that the Hammonds will still be read for enjoyment, but believe that by asking different questions, they can shed new light on the social history of the movement. Therefore, this book tries to describe and analyze the most i mpressive episode in the English farm-labourers long and doomed struggle against poverty and degradation. In the nineteenth century, England had no peasantry to speak of in the sense that other nations did. Where families who owned or occupied their own small plot of land and cultivated it themselves, apart from work on their lords farms, farmed most of Europe, Englands peasants were agricultural wage-laborers. As such, both tithes and taxes hit them hard. Lords and farmers were also against tithes and taxes and tolerated or even welcomed some outcry against them. Most county leaders in 1830 agreed with the laborers, but the government in London did not. Further, enclosure eliminated the common lands whose use had helped the very poor to live. As a result, the relationship between farmers and laborers changed to a purely market relationship between employer and proleta...

'Overseas discoveries could be used to suggest fundamental questions Essay

'Overseas discoveries could be used to suggest fundamental questions about the values and standards of a civilisation' (H. E - Essay Example It will be argued that both writers represent a challenge to the burgeoning rise of cultural imperialism that was a force in their historical era. The historical context or background of Shakespeare's age and Montaignes, is important. Shakespeare and Montaigne both lived in an age when exploration and colonial expansion was in its early phase. At the forefront of the European expansion into the 'new world', was the early sixteenth century exploration and colonization of the West Indies, South and Central America1. What is important to note, is that colonization or colonialism brought with it an imperial set of attitudes and beliefs. The people of the new world were largely viewed as uncivilized, and the state of nature that they were living in was viewed as inferior to the European invaders. It is these attitudes, for example, that facilitated the enslavement of people. Likewise, what soon followed with colonial expansion, were missionaries or the missionary movement of the Catholic Church in Europe. Both slavery and the sentiment of missionaries, are premised on assumptions that the inferiority of a people legitimated their exploitation. That is, the missionaries goal was to civilize the people and take them away from what was perceived as barbaric practices. It is interesting to note that it took centuries before Europe was able to let go of its basically 'patriarchal' views of people in the under developed world2. Expansion and colonization, was an important source of fascination for Europeans in the time of Montaigne and Shakespeare3. While Europe had a geographical and therefore, cultural connection with South and East Asia, the 'new world' or the the Americas held a great deal of interest. Montaignes sources for his writing, were some of the written accounts of explorers who had encountered cultures in South America, and one of the elements that is significant, is the connection with nature4. Montaigne writes of the people of the new world, in a way that can be described as paternalistic or patronizing, but also reverent in that he sees them as living in harmony with nature: â€Å"and they are, moreover, happy in this, that they only covet so much as their natural necessities require†5. In Montaigne, there is the sentiment expressed as what later became known as the theory of the â€Å"noble savage†6. That is, the perspective that civilization is essentially a corrupting force, and that people who live closer to a state of nature are more noble. Individuals who live in a state of nature, are living in a sustainable relationship with their environment. They consume only what they need, and are not reaching beyond the basic needs. In Montaignes world, there would very obviously been a contrast of lifestyles insofar as he would be immediately familiar with the folly of consumption. Likewise, the wealth and behavior's of Prospero and his noble visitors are presented as a stark contrast to the state of nature that the chara cter of Caliban lives in as we shall see from the Tempest. It might be argued that Shakespeare's Tempest represents a very early form of a critique of colonialism. Central to this perspective, is the figure of Caliban. The background to the story is that a nobleman from Italy or Milan, named Prospero and his daughter Miranda are exiled on a faraway island. The only inhabitant on the island who Prospero and Miranda have contact with is a figure named Caliban. The name Caliban is believed to be

POPULAR CULTURE AND HUMANITIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

POPULAR CULTURE AND HUMANITIES - Essay Example This is certainly probable because the artifact does not mirror the world around them (Naremore & Brantlinger, 1991). At first, John will be perplexed by the robot and may not decipher what it is. The capability of the robot to mimic human behaviors and activities, inclusive of speech, will be of utmost importance in shaping John’s reaction. In such case, the robot will be like a person, though not â€Å"a real person.† The novelty of the robot will make John think that the robot is a divine device, but â€Å"evil,† and a threat to his existence. As the fear subsides, interaction between John and the robot will increase, as it dawns to John that the robot is neither â€Å"godly† nor â€Å"evil† after all. The robot may be programmed to interact with John on matters that are familiar to John such as culture and language. To this end, the robot heralds an incremental cultural benefit to John, which stirs his consciousness. The robot can turn out to be a valuable tool in cross cultural exchange between â€Å"John’s world† and the mainstream culture. The robot will act as a bridge between John’s world and the modern